Even in today's modern world, where freedom is prized and respected, you will still find examples of dictatorship governments around the globe. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. Current Dictators Kim Jong-un Kim Jong-un is North Korea's current dictator and the third generation Kim to rule the country, following the death of his father Kim Jong-il in 2011. Among the 10 dictatorship countries profiled, poverty is endemic. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. That said, there are two important differences between dictatorships and autocracies. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Countries that start with: (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. Military dictatorship: 2. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. [143], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. The dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945, Benito Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". [4] Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the present year. While Thailand remains the world's last active military dictatorship, other notable examples of modern countries with histories of military rule include: Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Greece. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. 1. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. Is North Korea a dictatorship? Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Typically, dictators rise to power when a nation faces significant social issues, such as strong economic crises or unrest among the nation's people. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. Functioning of government: 3.57. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. Examples might include King Cyrus the Great of Persia, who is thought to have created the first declaration of human rights, the Biblical King Solomon, Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, and Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kwan Yue. Italy's Mussolini. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. [131] A military coup is often carried out when a regime is threatening the country's stability or during periods of societal unrest. This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Imelda Marcos was the wife of Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled over the . He all but eradicated corruption. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. Single-party dictatorships: 5. Uganda. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. Secret police are used to gather information about specific political opponents and carry out targeted acts of violence against them, paramilitary forces defend the regime from coups, and formal militaries defend the dictatorship during foreign invasions and major civil conflicts. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. Nearly half of dictatorships start as a military coup, though others have been started by foreign intervention, elected officials ending competitive elections, insurgent takeovers, popular uprisings by citizens, or legal maneuvering by autocratic elites to take power within their government. Brion Donal Cinhil Urien Haldane, 25th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1095 to 1120. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. [126] Four strategies of political control commonly employed by dictatorships are repression, indoctrination, coercive distribution, and infiltration. Although it is true that some dictators are far more strict and overbearing than others, as a rule, dictatorships tend to result in a loss of personal autonomy, quality of life, and political choice for everyday citizens. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. 3. The chief executive can take many names including chancellor, prime minister, or premier and the heads of the executive departments can bear different names and be called different things. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption.[125]. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. The required majority needed to remove the sitting government varies between countries but is termed a vote of no confidence. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. China's constitution calls its government a "people's democratic dictatorship." Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. mobile homes for rent in habersham ga, pastor license lookup, phantom thread ending did he die,
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