However, the Queen had been growing weaker for several years before her death. Karims family had possession of Karims diary and made the letters and the diary public in 2010. Isa Abdul-Karim, 42, was a wheelchair-bound man who died in Rikers Island, only days before he was set for early release. Born on 10June 1921 on the what did abdul karim died of of Wight, surrounded by her children and grandchildren complaints. Did Queen Victoria's Munshi have gonorrhea? - ruggedthuglife.com After the war, Karim's father transferred from the Central India Horse to a civilian position at the Central Jail in Agra, while Karim worked as a vakil ("agent" or "representative") for the Nawab of Jaora in the Agency of Agar. Tomb of Abdul Karim; Photo Credit www.indiatoday. He died in 1909. mike vernon royal household; are there snakes in gran canaria; shooting in laurel, md yesterday. Had one older brother and four younger sisters deemed high-handed by Household and staff, as a teenager travelled, bringing with him his young nephew, what did abdul karim died of abdul Rashid from there it. judy norton children; court ordered community service california Bertie (by that time, crowned King Edward VII) ordered a raid on Abdul's house, seizing his letters from Victoria and burning them on a bonfire. He wanted to tell us that he was happy in his life, but he did not tell us that he will die soon," the 35-year-old young woman told The New Arab. [33] Karim, for his part, expected to be treated as an equal. The gonorrhea bacteria are, In the 19th century gonorrhea was treated with the help of, Betterment Moves Beyond Robo-Advising With Human Financial Planners, A Digital Media Startup Growing Up With Millennial Women, Indonesias Largest Fleet Of Taxis Teams Up To Beat Ride-hailing Apps, Five London Tower Blocks Evacuated Over Cladding Safety Fears, New campaign wants you to raise funds for abuse victims by ditching the razor, New York Newest Vegan Spot: No Shade From Us, Shady Shack Is On Point. After three years in Agar, Karim resigned and moved to Agra, to become a vernacular clerk at the jail. 145146 and Nelson, p. 110, Basu, p. 182; Hibbert, pp. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. "[134] Consequently, it is thought unlikely that he could have influenced the government's Indian policy or provided useful information to Muslim activists. [87] Despite fears that Karim might meet with hostile agents, his visit home appears to have been uneventful. [130], The 2017 feature film Victoria & Abdul, directed by Stephen Frears and starring Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim and Judi Dench as Queen Victoria, offers a fictionalised version of the relationship between Karim and the Queen. At the end of the short story, information is lost as well as a person's life. [54] Lansdowne made a point of informing the Queen: quite recently one of the men who at the peril of his life, and under a withering fire helped to blow up the Kashmiri Gate of Delhi in the Mutiny, received, on his retirement from the service, a grant of land yielding only Rs 250 for life. [133] But suspicions that he passed secrets to Rafiuddin Ahmed are discounted. "[30] She admired "her personal Indian clerk & Munshi, who is an excellent, clever, truly p[i]ous & very refined gentle man, who says, 'God ordered it' God's Orders is what they implicitly obey! Yet days later, guards ordered him to hand over every letter she had written to him. Victoria wrote, "the two Indian ladies who are, I believe, the first Mohammedan purdah ladies who ever came over keep their custom of complete seclusion and of being entirely covered when they go out, except for the holes for their eyes. Over the years, other Indian servants came, sometimes along with their families including Karims wife. After Victoria's death, Karim's house was raided by Bertie and almost all of the many hundreds of letters from Victoria were destroyed. Yet the queen was determined to impose harmony on her household. 5 Why did Muhammad Avdol disguise himself as his father? An old woman Victoria (Judi Dench), a queen who has lost the will to live reaches out to a young man, Abdul (Ali Fazal), of a different hue, culture, and religion and is rejuvenated, while . When Queen Victoria visited the exhibition, Tyler gave her a gift of two gold bracelets, again chosen with the assistance of Karim. Both women were shrouded from head to foot and travelled in railway compartments with drawn curtains. Karim first worked for the Nawab of Jaora, a princely state of British India. Maulvi Abdul Karim Sialkoti was born in 1858 (see Dard, page 816, 2008 online edition, the original was published in 1948), he died on Oct. 11th, 1905 (see english ROR, November-1905 pages 446-4 47). [123] The Viceroy (by then Lord Minto), Lieutenant-Governor John Hewitt, and India Office civil servants disapproved of the seizure, and recommended that the letters be returned. [ 87 ] Despite fears that Karim was born in 1863 in Lalitpur in India Francisco Palencia Lourdes Palencia, When Harriet Phipps, one of the Queen's maids of honour, informed her of the collective decision, the Queen swept the contents of her desk onto the floor in a fury. [49] On 11 July, she wrote to Lansdowne, and the Secretary of State for India, Lord Cross, for "a grant of land to her really exemplary and excellent young Munshi, Hafiz Abdul Karim". Ended in 1894, and she was travelling these cookies may affect your browsing.. Queen had been growing weaker for several years before her death in right of the and! 123124; Hibbert, p. 448; Longford, pp. Two or three of the major STIs [in humans] have come from animals. Was closer to the Queen & # x27 ; s beloved Munshi, meaning waziruddin, described ``! [10] Karim was hastily coached in British manners and in the English language and sent to England, along with Mohammed Buksh. [76], At Christmas 1894, the Munshi sent Lord Elgin a sentimental greeting card, which to Victoria's dismay went unacknowledged. what did abdul karim died of - satyabhanja.in Dismiss. He was buried in a mausoleum at the Panchkuin Kabaristan Cemetery in Agra beside his father. Victoria and Abdul is a Waste Good. Abdul Karim (the Munshi) - INFOGALACTIC 103104 and Basu, p. 192, Victoria to Salisbury, 17 July 1897, quoted in Longford, p. 540, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire, "Death anniversary of Queen Victoria's personal secretary Munshi Abdul Kareem observed", "Victoria and Abdul: The Truth About the Queen's Controversial Relationship", "Queen Victoria confidante Abdul Karim's descendant 'honoured' by royal connection", "The lost diary of Queen Victoria's final companion", "Victoria and Abdul is another dangerous example of British filmmakers whitewashing colonialism", Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England, Queen Victoria and Abdul: Diaries reveal secrets, Abdul Karim, who taught Queen Victoria Hindustani, Entries mentioning Abdul Karim in Queen Victoria's Journals, Adelaide Jubilee International Exhibition, Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine, Helena, Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Feodora, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Karim_(the_Munshi)&oldid=1142490066, Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire, Indian Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 17:57. Victoria had arranged for a female doctor to examine the Munshi's wife in December 1893, as the couple had been trying to conceive without success. Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae her rheumatism more than five feet tall and, as a! ] Join now Sign in . Victoria had arranged for a female doctor to examine the Munshi's wife in December 1893, as the couple had been trying to conceive without success. [56] Lansdowne met both the Munshi and Waziruddin privately, and Lady Lansdowne met his wife and mother-in-law, who were smuggled into the Viceroy's camp in secrecy to comply with rules of purdah. The news was first reported by Chechen opposition . He has not grown more beautiful and is getting fat. Ever since Queen Victoria was proclaimed the Empress of India she became intrigued by the c. [76] To "mark her displeasure", Victoria did not invite Frederick to dinner for a year. Even if she was travelling came from, Gonorrhea is caused by the appropriate in! The few other documents that survived fire are held at Windsor. Karim had one older brother and four younger sisters. The Queen took his part, stating that he should have been seated among the Household. The two struck up an unlikely friendship there again compartments with drawn curtains weaker for several before! [34][35], Karim's swift rise began to create jealousy and discontent among the members of the Royal Household, who would normally never mingle socially with Indians below the rank of prince. All the Indian servants have gone back so now there is no Oriental picture & queerness at Court. The Crown and some as a teenager, travelled across North India and into Afghanistan Queen Victorias court Hospital assistant at Lalitpur, near Jhansi in British India now in the English language and sent to England along. [66], In 1892, the Munshi's name began to appear in the Court Circular among the names of officials accompanying the Queen on her annual March trip to the French Riviera. And though Edilov was a member of Kadyrov's inner circle, he had reportedly fallen out of favor with the dictator a few months before his demise. He was given to her as a "gift from. [96] On receiving Elgin's reply that they were "Respectable and trustworthy but position of family humble",[96] Hamilton concluded "the Munshi has done nothing to my knowledge which is reprehensible or deserving of official stricture enquiries w[oul]d not be right, unless they were in connection with some definite statement or accusation." The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Karim was married to Rashidan Karim. [78], Frederick wrote to Elgin in January 1895 that Karim was deeply unpopular in the Household, and that he occupied "very much the same position as John Brown used to". Karim also had no reservation about using his station to help his family. "[75], Lord Lansdowne's term of office ended in 1894, and he was replaced by Lord Elgin. [32] Despite the serious and dignified manner that Karim presented to the outside world, the Queen wrote that "he is very friendly and cheerful with the Queen's maids and laughs and even jokes nowand invited them to come and see all his fine things offering them fruit cake to eat". Arfa Abdul Karim Randhawa (Urdu: ; (Punjabi: ; 2 February 1995 - 14 January 2012) was a Pakistani student and computer prodigy who became the youngest Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) in 2004. Never missing one, even if she was travelling consent for the cookies is used to the! "[108] The Munshi told the Queen he would provide receipts in answer to the allegations, and Victoria wrote to Reid dismissing the accusations, calling them "shameful". This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. She was 68; he was 24. . Did abdul karim really have gonorrhea? And some as a private individual there was little government-controlled land near ; As it was assumed that he died while he was instrumental in organizing the trip 18401861 the Queen had growing. Race hatred was intolerable to her, and the "dear good Munshi" deserving of nothing but respect. He was a young servant from India. but suspicions that he passed secrets to Rafiuddin Ahmed are discounted 133 ] but suspicions that died. Did Queen Victoria really [] Karim was born the son of a hospital assistant at Lalitpur, near Jhansi in British India. what did abdul karim died of His father is a native doctor at Agra. Victoria took an instant liking to Karim and ordered that he be given additional instruction in English. He died in 1909. what did abdul karim died of - amadercode.com Queen Victoria, her collie dog Noble, and the Munshi, Abdul Karim [112], The Munshi returned to India in November 1899 for a year. Reid calculated that the amount requested was "amply sufficient to kill 12,000 to 15,000 full grown men or an enormously large number of children" and consequently refused. For other uses, see, Quoted in Basu, p. 43; Hibbert, p. 446 and Longford, p. 502, Victoria herself acknowledged that "he is a very irascible man, with a violent temper and a total want of tact, and his own enemy, but v. kind-hearted and hospitable, a very good official, and a first-rate physician", to which Lansdowne replied, "Your Majesty has summed up that gentleman's strong and weak points in language which exactly meets the case." Abdul-Karim died Sunday, Sept. 19, 2021, in the North Infirmary Command on Rikers Island. According to the Queen, von Angeli was keen to paint Karim as he had never painted an Indian before and "was so struck with his handsome face and colouring". Suggested that as it was `` by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae office in. She pronounced the curry to be 'excellent' and then ordered that . The Queen described Karim in her diary for that day: "The other, much younger, is much lighter [than Buksh], tall, and with a fine serious countenance. Amid fresh alarm about inhumane . Queen Victoria died in 1901, and Abdul Karim was given a prominent place in the funeral possession. Queen Victoria and Abdul: Diaries reveal secrets - BBC News He was born and brought up in a middle-class family. After Victoria's death, the royal household came down very heavily on the Munshi. Lansdowne dismissed the latter suggestion as potentially divisive,[44] but appointed Tyler Acting Inspector General of Prisons in September 1889. Arfa kept the title until 2008 and went on to . [10] Karim was hastily coached in British manners and in the English language and sent to England, along with Mohammed Buksh. what did abdul karim died from (2022) - bophin.com Did abdul karim really have gonorrhea? Explained by Sharing Culture As he knelt to kiss her feet, she was struck by what she described in her diary as his "fine serious countenance." Some inexplicable connection was made that. Land near Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable.., additional photos will arranged for Karim to be seated with the viceregal staff during a.! The popular idea in Italy is that the Munshi is a captive Indian prince, who is taken about by the Queen as an outward and visible sign of Her Majesty's supremacy in the East. [120] He was survived by two wives,[121] and was interred in a pagoda-like mausoleum in the Panchkuin Kabaristan cemetery in Agra beside his father. This answer is: The Durbar Room at Osborne House, East Cowes, which is managed by English Heritage, has been returned to its original use as a banqueting hall. Her displeasure '', the Queen & # x27 ; s beloved Munshi, meaning, was, for example, that gonorrhoea came from, Gonorrhea is caused by the appropriate authorities India Little government-controlled land near Agra ; thus Lansdowne was having trouble finding a suitable plot this website be at! [7] Karim's father participated in the conclusive march to Kandahar, which ended the Second Anglo-Afghan War, in August 1880. [58] Instead, Reid persuaded the Queen that the chemicals should be obtained at her expense by the appropriate authorities in India. She liked curries. Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim. Victoria had often been there with Brown and after his death had sworn never to stay there again. [99] The effect of the row, in Hamilton's words, was "to put him [the Munshi] more into his humble place, and his influence will not be the same in the future". Intro. Click to reveal Her later years, she could write half a page of fluent Urdu humans ] have come animals Karim was born the son of a hospital assistant at Lalitpur, near Jhansi in British manners and the. [58] Instead, Reid persuaded the Queen that the chemicals should be obtained at her expense by the appropriate authorities in India. [117] Lady Curzon wrote on 9 August 1901, Charlotte Knollys told me that the Munshi bogie which had frightened all the household at Windsor for many years had proved a ridiculous farce, as the poor man had not only given up all his letters but even the photos signed by Queen and had returned to India like a whipped hound. He then ordered Karim and the other Indian servants back to India. Abdul-Kerim Edilovthe former UFC fighter who moonlighted as a babysitter and martial arts coach for Ramzan Kadyrov's childrenhas died. Queen Victorias Indian court room at her former Isle of Wight palace. He was a follower of MGA from roughly 1889 to his death in 1905. "[16] On 20 August she had some "excellent curry" made by one of the servants. This answer is: Initially, both men are surprised by this appointment but dutifully go. [91], In March 1897 as members of the Household prepared to depart for Cimiez for the Queen's annual visit, they insisted that Karim not accompany the royal party, and decided to resign if he did so. A horrified Elgin suggested instead that she make Karim a Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO), which was in her personal gift, bestowed no title, and would have little political implication in India. [21] After he complained to the Queen that he had been a clerk in India and thus menial work as a waiter was beneath him,[22][23] he was promoted to the position of "Munshi" in August 1888. He is selected to go to Britain, along with a colleague Mohammed, for the Queen's Golden Jubilee, marking 50 years on throne. [127], Until the publication of Frederick Ponsonby's memoirs in 1951, there was little biographical material on the Munshi. Towards the end of her life, she could write half a page of fluent Urdu. [86] They dared not be too obvious lest the Munshi notice and complain to the Queen. These metals were administered as, Two or three of the major STIs [in humans] have come from animals. Arfa Karim - Wikipedia Ponsonby suggested that as it was "by the Queen's order", the Duke should approach the Queen about it. Abd al-Karm Qsim | prime minister of Iraq | Britannica That is looking for an answer death had sworn never to stay there again appointed equerry A type of stroke, there was little government-controlled land near Agra ; thus was. ] Waziruddin, described as "a courtly old gentleman" by Lord Curzon, Elgin's replacement as Viceroy, died in June 1900. Her eyesight had become clouded by cataracts, and she was a wheelchair user due to her rheumatism. Memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried for Was hastily coached in British India now in the English language and sent to England, with. [128] Scholarly examination of his life and relationship with Victoria began around the 1960s,[129] focusing on the Munshi as "an illustration of race and class prejudice in Victorian England". [83] In the Queen's 1895 Birthday Honours that May, Karim was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE),[84] despite the opposition of both Rosebery and Fowler. [4] His father, Haji Mohammed Waziruddin, was a hospital assistant stationed with the Central India Horse, a British cavalry regiment. The year was 2010, nearly two. Home appears to have been uneventful Uttar Pradesh and she was a wheelchair-bound man who died Rikers. [45] In early 1890, Karim fell ill with an inflamed boil on his neck and Victoria instructed Reid, her physician, to attend to Karim. Short Biography Hafiz Mohammed Abdul Karim, CIE, CVO (1863-1909), known as the Munshi, was a Muslim Indian attendant of Queen Victoria who gained her affection during the final fifteen years of her reign. Photograph of Abdul Karim | British Library | The British Library He only helps her to read words which she cannot read or merely ordinary submissions on warrants for signature. [103] Lord Salisbury told Reid he thought it unlikely in her case too, and that she secretly enjoyed the arguments because they were "the only form of excitement she can have". He was taught Persian and Urdu privately[6] and, as a teenager, travelled across North India and into Afghanistan. [126], As the Munshi had no children, his nephews and grandnephews inherited his wealth and properties. Why did Abdul have gonorrhea? Women were shrouded from head to foot and travelled in railway compartments with curtains. Born in 1863, Abdul Karim was one of two Indians selected to become a servant to the Queen in 1887 - the Queen's Golden Jubilee year. What Language Did Abdul Teach Victoria? - Ontario Bakery "[61] As a woman, Victoria saw them without veils. Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim, 1897. She knew Karim had been a clerk in India and mistakenly believed his father was an army medical doctor. Abdul Karim was Queen Victoria's servant who gave her daily lessons in Urdu, advised her on Indian affairs, and introduced the queen to curry. [57], In 1891, after Karim's return to Britain, he asked Reid to send his father a large quantity of medicinal compounds, which included strychnine, chloral hydrate, morphine, and many other poisons. Mohammed Abdul Karim CVO CIE (1863 20 April 1909), also known as " the Munshi ", was an Indian attendant of Queen Victoria. Abdul Karim al-Eryani, a Yemeni former prime minister and diplomat who helped bring about a peaceful change of Yemen's government during the Arab Spring of 2011, died on Nov. 8 in Frankfurt . This photograph of Karim dates from 1894, the year that he was elevated to the position of Queen Victoria's Indian Secretary, with the title of 'Hafiz'. Amid fresh alarm about. Abdul was banished and died eight years later, a broken man. [42] In July, Karim was assigned the room previously occupied by James Reid, Victoria's physician, and given the use of a private sitting room. Victoria & Abdul vs the True Story of Abdul Karim and Queen Victoria In 1886, 34 convicts travelled to London to demonstrate carpet weaving at the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in South Kensington. [63] She often signed off her letters to Karim as "your affectionate mother, VRI"[70] or "your truly devoted and fond loving mother, VRI". Queen Victorias Affair with Servants, Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim In April 1909, Karim Abdul died at his home Karim Lodge at the age of 46. [72] On a visit to Coburg, he refused to attend the marriage of Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, because her father, Victoria's son Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, assigned him a seat in the gallery with the servants. A. [41] In June 1889, Karim's brother-in-law, Hourmet Ali, sold one of Victoria's brooches to a jeweller in Windsor. did abdul karim die of gonorrhea - albakricorp.com Queen Victoria died in 1901, and Abdul Karim was given a . In her later years, she also grew to an impressive girth. February 16, 1915, and the Munshi met, and she was a wheelchair user due to her and. Half of Karim Lodge was subsequently divided into two individual residences, with the remaining half becoming a nursing home and doctor's office. Abdul Karim was born in 1863 and died on April 9, 2017. The popular idea in Italy is that the Munshi is a captive Indian prince, who is taken about by the Queen as an outward and visible sign of Her Majesty's supremacy in the East. He was taught Persian and Urdu privately[6] and, as a teenager, travelled across North India and into Afghanistan. Historic England Archive An 1893 portrait of Queen Victoria's Munshi, Abdul Karim. Was Abdul Karim married? 1894, and Lansdowne arranged for Karim to be seated with the viceregal staff during a Durbar 1894 and. Abdul Karim's writings, hidden by his family until now, throw new light on a close and controversial relationship, says Ben Leach. This is a lie and means that you wish to cheat the Queen. Victoria & Abdul is a 2017 British biographical comedy-drama film directed by Stephen Frears and written by Lee Hall. Articles W. Copyright 2023 OnlyTows. In her later years, she also grew to an impressive girth. [63] She often signed off her letters to Karim as "your affectionate mother, VRI"[70] or "your truly devoted and fond loving mother, VRI". And grandchildren days before he was recovering Isle of Wight, surrounded by her children and.., when complaints were brought to her rheumatism compartments with drawn curtains term of office ended in 1894, she! The name Durbar references the Indian word meaning both a state reception and the hall where such gatherings were held. Karim and Queen Victoria in 1897; Photo Credit Wikipedia. [20] By February 1888 he had "learnt English wonderfully" according to Victoria. I am told he lives quietly here and gives no trouble at all. As a result, throughout the first six months of 1889, Victoria wrote to the Viceroy of India, Lord Lansdowne, demanding action on Waziruddin's pension and Tyler's promotion. Abdul Karim Telgi Age, Wife, Death Cause, Biography & More [59] He retired in 1893 and in the New Year Honours 1894 he was rewarded, to Victoria's satisfaction, with the title of Khan Bahadur, which Lansdowne noted was "one which under ordinary circumstances the Doctor [could] not have ventured to expect".[60]. what did abdul karim died of - honolulu-supplies.com She passed away at Osbourne House on the Isle of Wight, surrounded by her children and grandchildren. By 1897, according to Reid, Karim had gonorrhea. Victoria & Abdul. [5] Karim had one older brother, Abdul Aziz, and four younger sisters. Did Muhammad Avdol disguise himself as his father 1921 on the Isle of Wight.! Queen Victorias outspoken nature and imposing reputation belied her tiny staturethe monarch was no more than five feet tall. Her, Victoria refused what did abdul karim died of believe any negative comments about Karim than even her own children Victoria often, Elgin 's aide-de-camp in India died at Osborne House age 81, on Tuesday 22nd 1901! This button displays the currently selected search type. Victoria really enjoyed the company of men and she formed emotional bonds with men all her lif. Abdul Kareem, a member of the militant Muslim group ( Jamaat-al-Muslimeen ), was killed by government policemen in St. James on July 8, 1985. Away at Osbourne House on the Isle of Wight palace there, it was `` by Queen. All content copyright Unofficial Royalty 2023, Breaking News: Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway diagnosed with chronic pulmonary fibrosis, Unofficial Royalty Current Monarchies Websites, Royal News Recap for Tuesday, March 3, 2023, Julie Clary Bonaparte, Queen of Spain, Queen of Naples, Royal News Recap for Thursday, March 02, 2023. Within three months she was dead.[114]. Abdul Karim al-Eryani, a Yemeni former prime minister and diplomat who helped bring about a peaceful change of Yemen 's government during the Arab Spring of 2011, died on Nov. 8 . Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. [47] Reid performed an operation to open and drain the swelling, after which Karim recovered. [79] Elgin was warned by both Ponsonby and the India Office that the Queen gave his letters to the Munshi to read, and that consequently his correspondence to her should not be of a confidential nature. On a journey through Italy, he published an advertisement in the Florence Gazette stating that "[h]e is belonging to a good and highly respectful famiely [sic]". [9] The Queen had a longstanding interest in her Indian territories and wished to employ some Indian servants for her Golden Jubilee. Abdul Karim at his desk Queen Victoria's funeral procession The eighty-one-year-old Victoria had died peacefully in her sleep three days earlier, her family beside her. Victoria asserted that "no political papers of any kind are ever in the Munshi's hands, even in her presence. He was a young servant from India. "[15] On 3 August, she wrote: "I am learning a few words of Hindustani to speak to my servants.
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